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Hokaglish (or Philippine Hybrid Hokkien, / ˈ h ɒ k ə ɡ l ɪ ʃ /), also known by locals as Sa-lam-tsam oe (mixed language, Tai-lo: sann-lām-tsham-uē, [sã˧˧lam˦˩→˨˩t͡sʰam˧˧ue˦˩]), is an oral contact language primarily resulting among three languages: (1) Philippine Hokkien Chinese, (2) Tagalog/Filipino and (3) Philippine English. [1]
Mandarin Chinese [a] [b] is the primary formal Chinese language taught academically to students in Chinese Filipino private schools (historically established by and meant for Chinese Filipinos) [4] and additionally across other private and public schools, universities, and institutions in the Philippines, [5] especially as the formal written Chinese language.
The adoption of regional languages as a medium of teaching is based on studies that indicate that the use of mother tongues as languages of instruction improves the comprehension and critical thinking skills of children and facilitates the learning of second languages such as English and Filipino.
Chinese Filipinos of this background typically have Philippine Hokkien as a heritage language, though just as any Chinese Filipino may also normally speak Philippine English, Filipino/Tagalog or other Philippine languages (such as Visayan languages) and may also code-switch any and all of these languages, such as Taglish, Bislish, Hokaglish, etc.
Words of Chinese origin have entered European languages, including English. Most of these were direct loanwords from various varieties of Chinese.However, Chinese words have also entered indirectly via other languages, particularly Korean, Japanese and Vietnamese, that have all used Chinese characters at some point and contain a large number of Chinese loanwords.
Here are some examples of words with meanings unique to Philippine English: Accomplish [5] — To fill out a form. (Original meaning: to finish successfully) Advanced [7] [5] — Indicates that a clock or watch is ahead of the standard time. (Original meaning: state-of-the-art) Blowout [27] — To treat somebody with a meal; [60] a birthday ...
It is a form of Philippine English that mixes Tagalog/Filipino words, where opposite to Taglish, English is the substratum and Tagalog/Filipino is the superstratum. The most common aspect of Coño English is the building of verbs by using the English word "make" with the root word of a Tagalog verb:
Filipino English may refer to: Philippine English , the English language as it is spoken in the Philippines Taglish , Tagalog language heavily mixed with American English words