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Infant mortality is the death of an infant before the infant's first birthday. [1] The occurrence of infant mortality in a population can be described by the infant mortality rate ( IMR ), which is the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births. [ 1 ]
Child mortality is the death of children under the age of five. [2] The child mortality rate (also under-five mortality rate) refers to the probability of dying between birth and exactly five years of age expressed per 1,000 live births. [3] It encompasses neonatal mortality and infant mortality (the probability of death in the first year of ...
Fetal hemoglobin, or foetal haemoglobin (also hemoglobin F, HbF, or α 2 γ 2) is the main oxygen carrier protein in the human fetus.Hemoglobin F is found in fetal red blood cells, and is involved in transporting oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to organs and tissues in the fetus.
Preterm birth is the most common cause of perinatal mortality, causing almost 30 percent of neonatal deaths. [7] Infant respiratory distress syndrome, in turn, is the leading cause of death in preterm infants, affecting about 1% of newborn infants. [8] Birth defects cause about 21 percent of neonatal death. [7]
A neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), also known as an intensive care nursery (ICN), is an intensive care unit (ICU) specializing in the care of ill or premature newborn infants. The NICU is divided into several areas, including a critical care area for babies who require close monitoring and intervention, an intermediate care area for infants ...
The general consensus is that a fetus is viable at 24 weeks, however, a live birth may occur earlier in gestation with the assistance from neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) resources. Gestational age is the main determinant of whether a baby will be able to live and survive outside of the uterus .
The mean hospital cost for a maternal/neonatal stay was $4,300 in 2012 (as opposed to $8,500 for medical stays and $21,200 for surgical stays in 2012). [ 19 ] Encouragingly, an increasing number of programs focused on collaboration of newborn care are now being established all over the world.
The quality of the facility—whether the hospital offers neonatal critical care services, whether it is a Level I pediatric trauma care facility, the availability of corticosteroids and other medications at the facility, the experience and number of physicians and nurses in neonatology and obstetrics and of the providers has a limited but ...