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Shaded blocks indicate periods before the province or territory joined the Canadian Confederation. Instances where the reported figure came from a different year's population count (primarily pre-1861 and for Newfoundland) are noted. Total Canadian population row includes the population of Newfoundland and Labrador.
The census showed a population count of 3,215 Acadians and habitants (French-Canadian farmers) in the administrative districts of Acadia and Canada. [73] The census also revealed a great difference in the number of men at 2,034 versus 1,181 women.
At the time of Confederation (1867), Montreal was the largest city of the British North American colonies, with a population of 107,225. [4] Some of the richest people in Canada lived in Montreal. By the late 1850s all the land of Canada West had been bought. [citation needed] The next frontier was west of Lake Superior.
Britain's imperial government over a century later then ceded the land to Canadian control in 1867 after confederation. [8] Since then, Canada's external borders have changed several times, and had grown from four initial provinces to ten provinces and three territories by 1999. [9]
At the beginning of the Great Migration, when the total population of Canada was approximately half a million, Canadians of French descent (known as Canadiens) outnumbered those of British descent. By the end of the period, however, the English-Canadian population was double that of the French-Canadian population out of a total of 2.4 million.
In 1912, the Canadian Parliament enacted the Quebec Boundaries Extension Act, 1912, which gave Quebec another part of Rupert's Land: the District of Ungava. [113] This extended the borders of Quebec northward all the way to the Hudson Strait. Population migration also characterized life in late 19th century Quebec.
The United Kingdom transferred most of its remaining land in North America to Canada, with the North-Western Territory and Rupert's Land becoming the North-West Territories. [e] The British government made the transfer after Canada and the Hudson's Bay Company agreed to the terms, including a payment of £300,000 from Canada to the Company. [18]
The bulk of these numbers are sourced from Alexander V. Avakov's Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Volume 1, pages 21 to 24, which cover population figures from the year 1800 divided into modern borders. Avakov, in turn, cites a variety of sources, mostly Angus Maddison. Italian sub figures are derived from elsewhere. [1]