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The American Diabetes Association defines the following criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes: a HbA1c of 6.5%, an 8-hour fasting blood glucose of 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL), a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL), or in patients exhibiting hyperglycemic symptoms, a random plasma glucose of ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL).
Steroid diabetes is a specific and prolonged form of stress hyperglycemia. [citation needed] People who have experienced stress hyperglycemia during severe illness have a threefold risk of developing diabetes in subsequent years, and it may be appropriate to screen for diabetes in survivors of critical illness. [2]
[10] [14] Increased susceptibility to infections, hyperglycemia (in patients already prone to stress hyperglycemia), gastrointestinal bleeding, electrolyte disturbances and steroid-induced myopathy (in patients already prone to critical illness polyneuropathy) are possible harmful effects. [6]
Hyperglycemia or hyperglycaemia is a condition where unusually high amount of glucose is present in blood. It is defined as blood glucose level exceeding 6.9 mmol/L (125 mg/dL ) after fasting for 8 hours and 10 mmol/L (180 mg/dL) 2 hours after eating.
Steroid-induced osteoporosis: reduced bone density (osteoporosis, osteonecrosis, higher fracture risk, slower fracture repair) Weight gain due to increased visceral and truncal fat deposition (central obesity) and appetite stimulation; see corticosteroid-induced lipodystrophy
Endocrine: By increasing the production of glucose from amino-acid breakdown and opposing the action of insulin, corticosteroids can cause hyperglycemia, [26] insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. [27] Skeletal: Steroid-induced osteoporosis may be a side-effect of long-term corticosteroid use.
Steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol within the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone and corticosterone share the first part of their biosynthetic pathway. The last part is either mediated by the aldosterone synthase (for aldosterone) or by the 11β-hydroxylase (for corticosterone). [citation needed]
Cushing's syndrome is a collection of signs and symptoms due to prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids such as cortisol. [4] [9] [10] Signs and symptoms may include high blood pressure, abdominal obesity but with thin arms and legs, reddish stretch marks, a round red face due to facial plethora, [11] a fat lump between the shoulders, weak muscles, weak bones, acne, and fragile skin that heals ...