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  2. Macular degeneration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macular_degeneration

    The majority of people over age 60 have drusen with no adverse effects. The risk of developing symptoms is higher when the drusen are large and numerous, and associated with the disturbance in the pigmented cell layer under the macula. Large and soft drusen are thought to be related to elevated cholesterol deposits. [citation needed]

  3. Drusen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drusen

    Macular hard drusen in the right eye. 65-year-old diabetic woman. Drusen, from the German word for node or geode (singular, "Druse"), are tiny yellow or white accumulations of extracellular material that build up between Bruch's membrane and the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye. The presence of a few small ("hard") drusen is normal with ...

  4. Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_relapsing...

    Patients typically present with pain associated with visual loss. [1] CRION is a clinical diagnosis of exclusion , and other demyelinating, autoimmune, and systemic causes should be ruled out. [ 3 ] An accurate antibody test which became available commercially in 2017 has allowed most patients previously diagnosed with CRION to be re-identified ...

  5. Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-arteritic_anterior...

    These include general surgical procedures, cataract surgery, hemorrhagic shock, certain medications, and optic disc drusen. The exact mechanism of optic nerve ischemia in these cases remains unclear, but contributing factors may include hypotension , anemia , hypoxia , and changes in the autoregulation of optic nerve arterial blood flow.

  6. Optic neuropathy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_neuropathy

    Symptoms of optic neuritis in the affected eye include pain on eye movement, sudden loss of vision, and decrease in color vision (especially reds). Optic neuritis, when combined with the presence of multiple demyelinating white matter brain lesions on MRI, is suspicious for multiple sclerosis .

  7. Optic disc drusen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_disc_drusen

    The optic nerve is a cable connection that transmits images from the retina to the brain.It consists of over one million retinal ganglion cell axons.The optic nerve head, or optic disc is the anterior end of the nerve that is in the eye and hence is visible with an ophthalmoscope.

  8. Blepharospasm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blepharospasm

    Particularly when associated with dry eyes, blepharospasm may be relieved with warm compresses, eye drops, and eye wipes. [40] [41] A Japanese study showed that warm compresses containing menthol were more effective in increasing tear film. [42] Drugs used to treat blepharospasm are anticholinergics, benzodiazepines, baclofen, and tetrabenazine ...

  9. Ocular myasthenia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocular_myasthenia

    Ocular myasthenia gravis (MG) is a disease of the neuromuscular junction resulting in hallmark variability in muscle weakness and fatigability. MG is an autoimmune disease where anomalous antibodies are produced against the naturally occurring acetylcholine receptors in voluntary muscles.