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Proof without words of the arithmetic progression formulas using a rotated copy of the blocks. An arithmetic progression or arithmetic sequence is a sequence of numbers such that the difference from any succeeding term to its preceding term remains constant throughout the sequence. The constant difference is called common difference of that ...
which is analogous to the integration by parts formula for semimartingales. Although applications almost always deal with convergence of sequences, the statement is purely algebraic and will work in any field. It will also work when one sequence is in a vector space, and the other is in the relevant field of scalars.
Recamán's sequence: 0, 1, 3, 6, 2, 7, 13, 20, 12, 21, 11, 22, 10, 23, 9, 24, 8, 25, 43, 62, ... "subtract if possible, otherwise add": a(0) = 0; for n > 0, a(n) = a(n − 1) − n if that number is positive and not already in the sequence, otherwise a(n) = a(n − 1) + n, whether or not that number is already in the sequence. A005132: Look-and ...
The step b := a mod b is equivalent to the above recursion formula r k ≡ r k−2 mod r k−1. The temporary variable t holds the value of r k−1 while the next remainder r k is being calculated. At the end of the loop iteration, the variable b holds the remainder r k, whereas the variable a holds its predecessor, r k−1.
Flowchart of using successive subtractions to find the greatest common divisor of number r and s. In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm (/ ˈ æ l ɡ ə r ɪ ð əm / ⓘ) is a finite sequence of mathematically rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation. [1]
A sequence obeying the order-d equation also obeys all higher order equations. These identities may be proved in a number of ways, including via the theory of finite differences. [9] Any sequence of + integer, real, or complex values can be used as initial conditions for a constant-recursive sequence of order +.
An integer sequence is computable if there exists an algorithm that, given n, calculates a n, for all n > 0. The set of computable integer sequences is countable.The set of all integer sequences is uncountable (with cardinality equal to that of the continuum), and so not all integer sequences are computable.
The Heaviside step function is an often-used step function. A constant function is a trivial example of a step function. Then there is only one interval, =. The sign function sgn(x), which is −1 for negative numbers and +1 for positive numbers, and is the simplest non-constant step function.