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Homo (from Latin homÅ 'human') is a genus of great ape (family Hominidae) that emerged from the genus Australopithecus and encompasses only a single extant species, Homo sapiens (modern humans), along with a number of extinct species (collectively called archaic humans) classified as either ancestral or closely related to modern humans; these include Homo erectus and Homo neanderthalensis.
The Goths [a] were a Germanic people who played a major role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the emergence of medieval Europe. [1] [2] [3] They were first reported by Graeco-Roman authors in the 3rd century AD, living north of the Danube in what is now Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania.
The most archaic human fossils from the Middle Pleistocene (780,000–125,000 years ago) [18] have been found in Europe. Remains of Homo heidelbergensis have been found as far north as the Atapuerca Mountains in Gran Dolina , Spain, and the oldest specimens can be dated from 850,000 to 200,000 years ago.
Regardless of its language of origin, the name was transmitted to the Romans via Celtic speakers. [13] It is unclear that any people group ever referred to themselves as Germani. [14] By late antiquity, only peoples near the Rhine, especially the Franks and sometimes the Alemanni, were called Germani or Germanoi by Latin and Greek writers ...
Paleolithic Europe, or Old Stone Age Europe, encompasses the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age in Europe from the arrival of the first archaic humans, about 1.4 million years ago until the beginning of the Mesolithic (also Epipaleolithic) around 10,000 years ago. This period thus covers over 99% of the total human presence on the European continent. [1]
The migrating modern human populations are known to have interbred with earlier local populations, so that contemporary human populations are descended in small part (below 10% contribution) from regional varieties of archaic humans. [note 2] After the Last Glacial Maximum, North Eurasian populations migrated to the Americas about 20,000 years ago.
The discovery of the Homo heidelbergensis mandible in 1907 affirms archaic human presence in Germany by at least 600,000 years ago, [2] so stone tools were dated as far back as 1.33 million years ago. [3] The oldest complete set of hunting weapons ever found anywhere in the world was excavated from a coal mine in Schöningen, Lower Saxony.
The site is called Abri de Cro-Magnon (Cro-Magnon rock shelter), now recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. [37] Abri means "rock shelter" in French, [citation needed] cro means "hole" in Occitan, [38] and Magnon was the landowner. [39] The original human remains were brought to and preserved at the National Museum of Natural History in ...