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Thyroid follicular cells form a simple cuboidal epithelium and are arranged in spherical thyroid follicles surrounding a fluid filled space known as the colloid. The interior space formed by the follicular cells is known as the follicular lumen .
Micrograph of a Hurthle cell neoplasm. Hurthle cell thyroid cancer is often considered a variant of follicular cell carcinoma. [3] [4] Hurthle cell forms are more likely than follicular carcinomas to be bilateral and multifocal and to metastasize to lymph nodes. Like follicular carcinoma, unilateral hemithyroidectomy is performed for non ...
Measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone and anti-thyroid antibodies will help decide if there is a functional thyroid disease such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis present, a known cause of a benign nodular goitre. [4] Fine needle biopsy for cytopathology is also used. [5] [6] [7] Thyroid nodules are extremely common in young adults and children.
Colloid nodules may be initially identified as an unspecified kind of thyroid nodule. Follow-up examinations typically include an ultrasound if it is unclear whether or not there really is a nodule present. Once the presence of a nodule has been confirmed, the determination of the kind of thyroid nodule is done by fine needle aspiration biopsy. [7]
Hyalinizing trabecular tumor (d–f) is composed of trabeculae of elongated or polygonal cells admixed with abundant amounts of hyaline material negative for amyloid and positive for type IV collagen (f); Ki-67 is characteristically expressed in the cell membrane but not in the nuclei of the tumor cells (e). Follicular adenoma with signet ring ...
Hürthle cells arise from the follicular epithelium. A Hürthle cell is larger than a follicular cell, and polygonal with distinct cell borders. [2] Key features of these oncocytic cells include a granular cytoplasm that stains eosinophilic (pink on H&E stain), which is commonly due to the oncocytes' high content of mitochondria, and a ...
Biopsy or cytology are required if the ultrasound characteristics suggest malignancy. If ultrasound results are equivocal or unclear, or if the thyroid nodule is small (typically less than 1 cm), the nodule can be monitored over time with serial ultrasounds. [10]
Several known tumor suppressor genes like TP53 and WT1 have been identified as transcriptional targets in human astrocytoma cells. Over 90% of thyroid tumors arise from follicular thyroid cells. [8] A fusion protein, PAX8-PPAR-γ, is implicated in some follicular thyroid carcinomas and follicular-variant papillary thyroid carcinoma. [11]