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The most common adverse effects noted for second-generation agents include drowsiness, fatigue, headache, nausea and dry mouth. [4] Continuous and/or cumulative use of anticholinergic medications, including first-generation antihistamines, is associated with higher risk for cognitive decline and dementia in older people. [8] [9]
The introduction of the first-generation antihistamines marked the beginning of medical treatment of nasal allergies. [28] Research into these drugs led to the discovery that they were H 1 receptor antagonists and also to the development of H 2 receptor antagonists , where H 1 -antihistamines affected the nose and the H 2 -antihistamines ...
They are usually the first line of medications prescribed by a general practitioner, or a pharmacist for allergies in a community pharmacy. H1-antihistamines are further split into three groups known as the first-generation, second-generation and third-generation antihistamines.
It is a first-generation antihistamine in the piperazine family of chemicals. [8] [4] Common side effects include sleepiness, headache, and dry mouth. [8] [9] Serious side effects may include QT prolongation. [9] It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe. [8]
Cyproheptadine, sold under the brand name Periactin among others, is a first-generation antihistamine with additional anticholinergic, antiserotonergic, and local anesthetic properties. It was patented in 1959 and came into medical use in 1961. [5]
Cetirizine is a second-generation antihistamine used to treat allergic rhinitis (hay fever), dermatitis, and urticaria (hives). [5] It is taken by mouth. [6] Effects generally begin within thirty minutes and last for about a day. [6] The degree of benefit is similar to other antihistamines such as diphenhydramine, which is a first-generation ...