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The American Diabetes Association defines the following criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes: a HbA1c of 6.5%, an 8-hour fasting blood glucose of 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL), a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL), or in patients exhibiting hyperglycemic symptoms, a random plasma glucose of ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL).
Steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol within the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone and corticosterone share the first part of their biosynthetic pathway. The last part is either mediated by the aldosterone synthase (for aldosterone) or by the 11β-hydroxylase (for corticosterone ).
[10] [14] Increased susceptibility to infections, hyperglycemia (in patients already prone to stress hyperglycemia), gastrointestinal bleeding, electrolyte disturbances and steroid-induced myopathy (in patients already prone to critical illness polyneuropathy) are possible harmful effects. [6]
Weight gain due to increased visceral and truncal fat deposition (central obesity) and appetite stimulation; see corticosteroid-induced lipodystrophy; Hypercortisolemia with prolonged or excessive use (also known as, exogenous Cushing's syndrome) Impaired memory and attention deficits [50] See steroid dementia syndrome.
Stress hyperglycemia (also called stress diabetes or diabetes of injury) is a medical term referring to transient elevation of the blood glucose due to the stress of illness. It usually resolves spontaneously, but must be distinguished from various forms of diabetes mellitus .
Hyperglycemia or hyperglycaemia is a condition where unusually high amount of glucose is present in blood. It is defined as blood glucose level exceeding 6.9 mmol/L (125 mg/dL ) after fasting for 8 hours and 10 mmol/L (180 mg/dL) 2 hours after eating.
Hyperglycemia alters lung dendritic cell function, leading to an increase in susceptibility to respiratory agents. [44] Several studies also show diabetes associated with a worse disease course and slower recovery from respiratory infections. [45] Increased risk of wound infections; Restrictive lung disease is known to be associated with diabetes.
Cushing's syndrome is a collection of signs and symptoms due to prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids such as cortisol. [4] [9] [10] Signs and symptoms may include high blood pressure, abdominal obesity but with thin arms and legs, reddish stretch marks, a round red face due to facial plethora, [11] a fat lump between the shoulders, weak muscles, weak bones, acne, and fragile skin that heals ...