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Indirect calorimetry is the study or clinical use of the relationship between respirometry and bioenergetics, where the measurement of the rates of oxygen consumption, sometimes carbon dioxide production, and less often urea production is transformed to rates of energy expenditure, expressed as the ratio between i) energy and ii) the time frame ...
Energy intake is measured by the amount of calories consumed from food and fluids. [1] Energy intake is modulated by hunger, which is primarily regulated by the hypothalamus, [1] and choice, which is determined by the sets of brain structures that are responsible for stimulus control (i.e., operant conditioning and classical conditioning) and cognitive control of eating behavior.
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. [1] It is reported in energy units per unit time ranging from watt (joule/second) to ml O 2 /min or joule per hour per kg body mass J/(h·kg). Proper measurement requires a strict set of criteria to be met.
Embodied energy is the sum of all the energy required to produce any goods or services, considered as if that energy were incorporated or 'embodied' in the product itself. . The concept can be useful in determining the effectiveness of energy-producing or energy saving devices, or the "real" replacement cost of a building, and, because energy-inputs usually entail greenhouse gas emissions, in ...
It derived from food energy. Energy consumption in the body is a product of the basal metabolic rate and the physical activity level . The physical activity level are defined for a non- pregnant , non- lactating adult as that person's total energy expenditure (TEE) in a 24-hour period, divided by his or her basal metabolic rate (BMR): [ 2 ]
Metabolic rate (kcal per day) = 1.440 (3.9 VO 2 + 1.1 VCO 2) where VO 2 is oxygen consumption in litres per minute and VCO 2 is the rate of carbon dioxide production in litres per minute. The formula can also be written for units of calories per day where VO 2 is oxygen consumption expressed in millilitres per minute and VCO 2 is the rate of ...
Ken Cassman, a professor of agronomy at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, said in 2008 that ethanol has a substantial net positive direct energy balance: 1.5 to 1.6 more units of energy are derived from ethanol than are used to produce it. Comparing 2008 to 2003, Alan Tiemann of Seward, a Nebraska Corn Board member, said that ethanol plants ...
Consumption of electric energy is positively correlated with economical growth. As electric energy is one of the most important inputs of the economy. Electric energy is needed to produce goods and to provide services to consumers. There is a statistically significant effect of electrical energy consumption and economic growth that is positive.