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Free open source: Orac download page: NAMD + VMD: Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes I Yes Yes Fast, parallel MD, CUDA Proprietary, free academic use, source code Beckman Institute: NWChem: No No Yes Yes No No Yes No No High-performance computational chemistry software, includes quantum mechanics, molecular dynamics and combined QM-MM methods
commercial and free editions Yes No Partial Yes Yes Automatic or Manual FEM: General purpose for research, engineering and educational use, includes AC, DC and Transient Magnetics, Electrostatics, AC and DC Conduction, Transient Electrics, Heat Transfer and multiphysics COMSOL Multiphysics: commercial Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Automatic
The Weiss magneton was experimentally derived in 1911 as a unit of magnetic moment equal to 1.53 × 10 −24 joules per tesla, which is about 20% of the Bohr magneton. In the summer of 1913, the values for the natural units of atomic angular momentum and magnetic moment were obtained by the Danish physicist Niels Bohr as a consequence of his ...
In a uniform magnetic field B, the free energy F can be related to the magnetic moment M of the system as = where S is the entropy of the system and T is the temperature. Therefore, the magnetic moment can also be defined in terms of the free energy of a system as m = − ∂ F ∂ B | T . {\displaystyle m=\left.-{\frac {\partial F}{\partial B ...
This free software had an earlier incarnation, Macsyma. Developed by Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the 1960s, it was maintained by William Schelter from 1982 to 2001. In 1998, Schelter obtained permission to release Maxima as open-source software under the GNU General Public license and the source code was released later that year ...
In units of the Bohr magneton (μ B), it is −1.001 159 652 180 59 (13) μ B, [2] a value that was measured with a relative accuracy of 1.3 × 10 −13. Magnetic moment of an electron [ edit ]
The spin magnetic moment of a charged, spin-1/2 particle that does not possess any internal structure (a Dirac particle) is given by [1] =, where μ is the spin magnetic moment of the particle, g is the g-factor of the particle, e is the elementary charge, m is the mass of the particle, and S is the spin angular momentum of the particle (with magnitude ħ/2 for Dirac particles).
Other magnetic quantum numbers are similarly defined, such as m j for the z-axis component the total electronic angular momentum j, [1] and m I for the nuclear spin I. [2] Magnetic quantum numbers are capitalized to indicate totals for a system of particles, such as M L or m L for the total z-axis orbital angular momentum of all the electrons ...