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It is a very thin, black-blue line visible along the margin of the gums, at the base of the teeth. [1] [2] It is caused by the reaction between circulating lead and sulphur ions produced by oral bacteria, forming deposits of lead sulfide in the gums. [3] The sign was described in 1840 by Henry Burton: [4]
This category reflects the organization of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision. Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes T36-T50 within Chapter XIX: Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes should be included in this category.
Rather than a single disease entity, periodontal disease is a combination of multiple disease processes that share a common clinical manifestation. The cause includes both local and systemic factors. The disease consists of a chronic inflammation associated with loss of alveolar bone. Advanced disease features include pus and exudates.
ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases. [ 1 ]
Lead poisoning epidemics refer to specific instances of mass lead poisoning. These events often occur without the knowledge of the communities they affect. Common causes of lead poisoning epidemics include mining, lead recycling, and food/water contamination. [1] These events also cause disproportionate childhood fatalities as children are more ...
In the 18th century lead poisoning was fairly frequent on account of the widespread drinking of rum, which was made in stills with a lead component (the "worm"). It was a significant cause of mortality amongst slaves and sailors in the colonial West Indies. [280] [281] Lead poisoning from rum was also noted in Boston. [282]
Herpetic gingivostomatitis is an infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). The HSV is a double-stranded DNA virus categorised into two types; HSV-1 and HSV-2.HSV-1 is predominantly responsible for oral, facial and ocular infections whereas HSV-2 is responsible for most genital and cutaneous lower herpetic lesions.
Louis Jean-Charles-Marie-Tanquerel des Planches (11 August 1810, Ambrières-les-Vallées – 27 May 1862) was a French physician.. He is known for his research of lead poisoning, about which, he is credited with conducting one of the first comprehensive studies of occupational illness.