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Francoist Spain remained officially neutral during World War II but maintained close political and economic ties to Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy throughout the period of the Holocaust. Before the war, Francisco Franco had taken power in Spain at the head of a coalition of fascist, monarchist, and conservative political factions in the Spanish ...
Towards the end of the war, the Jewish Archive, along with other materials that suggested knowledge of the "probable final destination of the Spanish Jews", was destroyed as the Franco regime sought to downplay its collaboration with the Axis powers to the United Nations and to emphasise its supposed role during the war in the ferrying of Jews ...
The Spanish Civil War (Spanish: guerra civil española) [note 2] was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the left -leaning Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic . [ 10 ]
The Spanish Civil War had begun on July 18, 1936, after a half-failed coup d'état: the rebels had not managed to take power, but the Republic could not crush them either. This left rebel forces in control of only approximately a third of the country. [ 9 ]
The decree was later used by some Spanish diplomats to save Sephardi Jews from persecution and death during the Holocaust. [124] Prior to the Spanish Civil War and not taking Ceuta and Melilla into account, about 6,000–7,000 Jews lived in Spain, mostly in Barcelona and Madrid. [125]
The Spanish Civil War. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-00757-1. Preston, Paul (2013). The Spanish Holocaust: Inquisition and Extermination in Twentieth-Century Spain. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0393345912. Romero, Eladi (2001). Itinerarios de la Guerra Civil española: guía del viajero curioso, Barcelona: Laertes. Steer, George ...
Children waiting to be evacuated from Spain, with their fists raised, a symbol used by the left.. The first displacements of refugees and exiles took place during the first months of the war—especially in the period from August to December 1936—marked by episodes of systematic violence against the civilian population, both because of ideologically motivated repression by the rebel forces ...
NKVD General Pavel Sudoplatov, an ethnic Ukrainian who was later the main handler for his Spanish Civil War colleagues Nahum Eitingon and Ramón Mercader's during the assassination of Leon Trotsky, later recalled, "From 1936 to 1939 there were two life-and-death struggles in Spain, both of them civil wars. One pitted nationalist forces let by ...