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In computer programming, foreach loop (or for-each loop) is a control flow statement for traversing items in a collection. foreach is usually used in place of a standard for loop statement.
Today mapping functions are supported (or may be defined) in many procedural, object-oriented, and multi-paradigm languages as well: In C++'s Standard Library, it is called std::transform, in C# (3.0)'s LINQ library, it is provided as an extension method called Select.
The hash function in Java, used by HashMap and HashSet, is provided by the Object.hashCode() method. Since every class in Java inherits from Object, every object has a hash function. A class can override the default implementation of hashCode() to provide a custom hash function more in accordance with the properties of the object.
In Python 3, filter was changed to return an iterator rather than a list. [13] The complementary functionality, returning an iterator over elements for which the predicate is false, is also available in the standard library as filterfalse in the itertools module. Ruby: enum.find_all {block} enum.select {block} enum is an Enumeration Rust ...
An example of a Python generator returning an iterator for the Fibonacci numbers using Python's yield statement follows: def fibonacci ( limit ): a , b = 0 , 1 for _ in range ( limit ): yield a a , b = b , a + b for number in fibonacci ( 100 ): # The generator constructs an iterator print ( number )
Folds can be regarded as consistently replacing the structural components of a data structure with functions and values. Lists, for example, are built up in many functional languages from two primitives: any list is either an empty list, commonly called nil ([]), or is constructed by prefixing an element in front of another list, creating what is called a cons node ( Cons(X1,Cons(X2,Cons ...
The Count operator counts the number of elements in the given collection. An overload taking a predicate, counts the number of elements matching the predicate. The standard query operator API also specifies certain operators that convert a collection into another type: [3] AsEnumerable: Statically types the collection as an IEnumerable<T>. [4]
As an example, consider a need of extending the string class with a new reverse method whose return value is a string with the characters in reversed order. Because the string class is a sealed type, the method would typically be added to a new utility class in a manner similar to the following: