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The description above is given for what is now called a serially concatenated code. Turbo codes, as described first in 1993, implemented a parallel concatenation of two convolutional codes, with an interleaver between the two codes and an iterative decoder that passes information forth and back between the codes. [6]
There is a vast number of examples for block codes, many of which have a wide range of practical applications. The abstract definition of block codes is conceptually useful because it allows coding theorists, mathematicians, and computer scientists to study the limitations of all block codes in a unified way.
Multiple inheritance is a feature of some object-oriented computer programming languages in which an object or class can inherit features from more than one parent object or parent class. It is distinct from single inheritance, where an object or class may only inherit from one particular object or class.
Note that multiple inheritance is dangerous if not implemented carefully because it can lead to the diamond problem. One solution to this is to create classes such as VisibleAndSolid , VisibleAndMovable , VisibleAndSolidAndMovable , etc. for every needed combination; however, this leads to a large amount of repetitive code.
Common types of connascence include connascence of name, type, position, and meaning. Certain coupling types naturally align with specific connascence types; for example, data coupling often involves connascence of name or type. However, not every combination of coupling and connascence is practically meaningful.
The term algebraic coding theory denotes the sub-field of coding theory where the properties of codes are expressed in algebraic terms and then further researched. [citation needed] Algebraic coding theory is basically divided into two major types of codes: [citation needed] Linear block codes; Convolutional codes
In most cases, a single input parameter or an interaction between two parameters is what causes a program's bugs. [2] Bugs involving interactions between three or more parameters are both progressively less common [3] and also progressively more expensive to find, such testing has as its limit the testing of all possible inputs. [4]
It is the detailed creation of working meaningful software through a combination of coding, verification, unit testing, integration testing, and debugging. It is linked to all the other software engineering disciplines, most strongly to software design and software testing .