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In ancient times the Greek bread was barley bread: Solon declared that wheat bread might only be baked for feast days. By the 5th century BC, bread could be purchased in Athens from a baker's shop, and in Rome, Greek bakers appeared in the 2nd century BC, as Hellenized Asia Minor was added to Roman dominion as the province of Asia ; [ 23 ] the ...
Whole wheat bread or wholemeal bread is a type of bread made using flour that is partly or entirely milled from whole or almost-whole wheat grains, see whole-wheat flour and whole grain. It is one kind of brown bread. Synonyms or near-synonyms for whole-wheat bread outside the United States (e.g., the UK) are whole grain bread or wholemeal bread.
Bread is also made from the flour of other wheat species (including spelt, emmer, einkorn and kamut). [17] Non-wheat cereals including rye, barley, maize (corn), oats, sorghum, millet and rice have been used to make bread, but, with the exception of rye, usually in combination with wheat flour as they have less gluten. [18]
Common wheat was first domesticated in West Asia during the early Holocene, and spread from there to North Africa, Europe and East Asia in the prehistoric period. [citation needed] Naked wheats (including Triticum aestivum, T. durum, and T. turgidum) were found in Roman burial sites ranging from 100 BCE to 300 CE.
Common wheat or bread wheat (T. aestivum) – The most widely cultivated species in the world. [ 65 ] Spelt ( T. spelta ) – Another species largely replaced by bread wheat, but in the 21st century grown, often organically, for artisanal bread and pasta.
Mum's Traditional Irish Soda Bread. Courtesy of Gemma Stafford at Gemma's Bigger Bolder Baking. Ingredients. 1 3/4 cups (265g/ 9oz) whole wheat flour (fine or coarsely ground) 1 3/4 cups (265g/9oz ...
At its most basic, traditional bagel dough contains wheat flour (without germ or bran), salt, water, and yeast leavening. Bread flour or other high gluten flours are preferred to create the firm, dense but spongy bagel shape and chewy texture. [3] With a dough hydration of around 50–57%, bagel dough is among the stiffest bread doughs. [25]
Researchers from the Weizmann Institute of Science used 20 healthy people for a trial to compare the differences in processed white bread and artisanal whole wheat sourdough.