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A turboshaft engine is a form of gas turbine that is optimized to produce shaft horsepower rather than jet thrust.In concept, turboshaft engines are very similar to turbojets, with additional turbine expansion to extract heat energy from the exhaust and convert it into output shaft power.
Schematic of a typical turbo petrol engine. The simplest type of turbocharger is the free floating turbocharger. [44] This system would be able to achieve maximum boost at maximum engine revs and full throttle, however additional components are needed to produce an engine that is driveable in a range of load and rpm conditions. [44]
Twin-turbo is a layout in which two turbochargers are used to compress the intake fuel/air mixture (or intake air, in the case of a direct-injection engine).The most common layout features two identical or mirrored turbochargers in parallel, each processing half of a V engine's produced exhaust through independent piping.
Schematic diagram showing the operation of a centrifugal flow turbojet engine. The compressor is driven by the turbine stage and throws the air outwards, requiring it to be redirected parallel to the axis of thrust. Schematic diagram showing the operation of an axial flow turbojet engine.
English: Schematic diagram illustrating the operation of a 2-spool, high-bypass turbofan engine, with LP spool in green and HP spool in purple. Polski: Schematyczny diagram pracy uogólnionego silnika turbowentylatorowego wysokoprzepływowego.
A supercharger is a "forced induction" system which uses a compressor powered by the shaft of the engine which forces air through the valves of the engine to achieve higher flow. When these systems are employed the maximum absolute pressure at the inlet valve is typically around 2 times atmospheric pressure or more. A cutaway of a turbocharger
Schematic diagram illustrating a 2-spool, high-bypass turbofan engine with an unmixed exhaust. The low-pressure spool is coloured green and the high-pressure one purple. Again, the fan (and booster stages) are driven by the low-pressure turbine, but more stages are required. A mixed exhaust is often employed.
The pressure-charger shown in the diagrams is a turbocharger, not a positive-displacement supercharger. The engine (whether four-stroke or two-stroke) has a conventional valve or port layout, but an additional "compression control valve" (CCV) is in the cylinder head.