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  2. Pharmacokinetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacokinetics

    The substances of interest include any chemical xenobiotic such as pharmaceutical drugs, pesticides, food additives, cosmetics, etc. It attempts to analyze chemical metabolism and to discover the fate of a chemical from the moment that it is administered up to the point at which it is completely eliminated from the body. Pharmacokinetics is ...

  3. Ion speciation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_speciation

    Speciation of ions refers to the changing concentration of varying forms of an ion as the pH of the solution changes. [1]The ratio of acid, AH and conjugate base, A −, concentrations varies as the difference between the pH and the pK a varies, in accordance with the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.

  4. Potassium hydrogen phthalate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_hydrogen_phthalate

    The buffering region is dependent upon the pKa, and is typically +/- 1.0 pH units of the pKa. The pKa of KHP is 5.4, so its pH buffering range would be 4.4 to 6.4; however, due to the presence of the second acidic group that bears the potassium ion, the first pKa also contributes to the buffering range well below pH 4.0, which is why KHP is a ...

  5. Pyrophosphate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrophosphate

    The pKa's occur in two distinct ranges because deprotonations occur on separate phosphate groups. For comparison with the pK a 's for phosphoric acid are 2.14, 7.20, and 12.37. At physiological pH's, pyrophosphate exists as a mixture of doubly and singly protonated forms.

  6. Protein kinase A - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_kinase_A

    In cell biology, protein kinase A (PKA) is a family of serine-threonine kinase [1] whose activity is dependent on cellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP). PKA is also known as cAMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.11). PKA has several functions in the cell, including regulation of glycogen, sugar, and lipid metabolism.

  7. Acid dissociation constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant

    When the difference between successive pK values is about four or more, as in this example, each species may be considered as an acid in its own right; [27] In fact salts of H 2 PO − 4 may be crystallised from solution by adjustment of pH to about 5.5 and salts of HPO 2− 4 may be crystallised from solution by adjustment of pH to about 10.

  8. Polyelectrolyte - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyelectrolyte

    A "weak" polyelectrolyte, by contrast, has a dissociation constant (pKa or pKb) in the range of ~2 to ~10, meaning that it will be partially dissociated at intermediate pH. Thus, weak polyelectrolytes are not fully charged in the solution, and moreover, their fractional charge can be modified by changing the solution pH, counter-ion ...

  9. Dissociation constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociation_constant

    In chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmacology, a dissociation constant (K D) is a specific type of equilibrium constant that measures the propensity of a larger object to separate (dissociate) reversibly into smaller components, as when a complex falls apart into its component molecules, or when a salt splits up into its component ions.