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The mental foramen descends slightly in toothless individuals. [2]The mental foramen is in line with the longitudinal axis of the 2nd premolar in 63% of people. [3] It generally lies at the level of the vestibular fornix and about a finger's breadth above the inferior border of the mandible.
The mental nerve is a sensory nerve of the face. It is a branch of the posterior trunk of the inferior alveolar nerve, itself a branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V 3), itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V). It provides sensation to the front of the chin and the lower lip, as well as the gums of the anterior mandibular (lower) teeth.
A mental spine is a small projection of bone on the posterior aspect of the mandible in the midline. There are usually four mental spines: two superior and two inferior. Collectively they are also known as the genial tubercle, [1] genial apophysis and the Latin name spinae mentalis.
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The mandibular foramen, is above the mandibular angle in the middle of each ramus. The mental foramen sits on either side of the mental protuberance (chin) on the body of mandible, usually inferior to the apices of the mandibular first and second premolars. As mandibular growth proceeds in young children, the mental foramen alters in direction ...
Other variants include a bifid canal with a branch (~41%): [3] following the course of the main mandibular canal before re-joining it (forward or buccolingual type); terminating at the apex of a tooth, usually the molar teeth (dental type); opening as an accessory mental foramen. [4] A trifid mandibular canal variation has also been described ...
The zygomatic process forms an "L" in this picture. As a comparison, this is how the skull looks with almost all of the zygomatic process removed. The zygomatic processes (aka. malar) are three processes (protrusions) from other bones of the skull which each articulate with the zygomatic bone. The three processes are: [1]
The submental space is a fascial space of the head and neck (sometimes also termed fascial spaces or tissue spaces). It is a potential space located between the mylohyoid muscle superiorly, the platysma muscle inferiorly, [1] under the chin in the midline.