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The history of Illinois may be defined by several broad historical periods, namely, the pre-Columbian period, the era of European exploration and colonization, its development as part of the American frontier, its early statehood period, growth in the 19th and 20th centuries, and contemporary Illinois of today.
This buffalo migration route, often 12 to 20 feet wide in places, was well known and used by American Indians. Later European traders and American settlers learned of it, and many used it as an early land route to travel west into Indiana and Illinois. It is considered the most important of the traces to the Illinois country. [1]
The Fox River Settlement was the first permanent Norwegian-American immigrant settlement in the Midwest. [1] It was located in La Salle County, Illinois [2] in Mission and Miller Townships, with a part of Rutland Township. [3]
The English Settlement is the name given to a planned settlement of some 26,000 acres (110 km 2) in the Illinois Territory. It was founded by Morris Birkbeck and George Flower in the early nineteenth century. In 1816 the two men chose the location, bought the land, and eventually brought over about 200 settlers from England.
Although the Illinois fought back against their primary enemy at the time, the wars scattered and killed many of their members. Eventually they reclaimed some of their lands. [27] In the early 1700s, the Illinois became involved in the conflict between the Meskwaki, also known as "Fox", and the French, known as the Fox Wars.
Monks Mound, built c. 950–1100 CE and located at the Cahokia Mounds UNESCO World Heritage Site near Collinsville, Illinois, is the largest pre-Columbian earthwork in America north of Mesoamerica. Many pre-Columbian cultures in North America were collectively termed "Mound Builders", but the term has no formal meaning
Coles County was organized by on December 25, 1830, from Clark and Edgar counties. It was named after Edward Coles, [3] the second governor of Illinois, from 1822 to 1826. The majority of the American settlers who founded Coles County were either from the six New England states, or were born in upstate New York to parents who had moved to that region from New England shortly after the American ...
The French named the settlement as La Pointe, and early American settlers adopted this name as "The Point" after the United States acquired the territory in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. Early documentation officially records the name as "Fever River" for the wild beans that grew there, an early name for the Galena River.