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Bourgeois revolution is a term used in Marxist theory to refer to a social revolution that aims to destroy a feudal system or its vestiges, establish the rule of the bourgeoisie, and create a capitalist state. [1] [2] In colonised or subjugated countries, bourgeois revolutions often take the form of a war of national independence.
The Modern French word bourgeois (/ ˈ b ʊər ʒ w ɑː / ⓘ BOORZH-wah or / b ʊər ˈ ʒ w ɑː / ⓘ boorzh-WAH, French: ⓘ) derived from the Old French borgeis or borjois ('town dweller'), which derived from bourg ('market town'), from the Old Frankish burg ('town'); in other European languages, the etymologic derivations include the Middle English burgeis, the Middle Dutch burgher, the ...
The view of the Revolutions of 1848 as a bourgeois revolution is also common in non-Marxist scholarship. [ 67 ] [ 68 ] [ 69 ] Middle-class anxiety [ 70 ] and different approaches between bourgeois revolutionaries and radicals led to the failure of revolutions. [ 71 ]
The French Revolution and the creation of modern political culture. Vol. 1, The Political Culture of Old Regime. Oxford: Pergamon Press. Behrens, C.B.A. Ancien Regime (1989) Black, Jeremy. From Louis XIV to Napoleon: The Fate of a Great Power (1999) Bluche, François (1993). L'Ancien Régime: Institutions et société (in French) (Livre de ...
Bourgeois socialism or conservative socialism was a term used by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in various pieces, including in The Communist Manifesto. Conservative socialism was used as a rebuke by Marx for certain strains of socialism but has also been used by proponents of such a system. [ 1 ]
Trotsky's theory was developed in opposition to the social-democratic theory that undeveloped countries must pass through two distinct revolutions. First, the bourgeois-democratic revolution which socialists would assist and at a later stage the socialist revolution with an evolutionary period of capitalist development separating those stages.
By contrast, continental European states like Germany introduced efficient administrations and educational systems as part of a "second" bourgeois revolution. The result for Britain, wrote Anderson, is that "the triumphs of the past become the bane of the present."
The permanent revolution theory argues that the tasks allotted in the two-stage theory to the capitalist class can only be carried out by the working class with the support of the poor peasantry and that the working class will then pass on to the socialist tasks and expropriate the capitalist class. However, the revolution cannot pause here and ...