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The constitutional authority for the various provincial income taxes is found in section 92 paragraph 2 of the Constitution Act, 1867, which assigns to the legislature of each province the power of "Direct Taxation within the Province in order to the raising of a Revenue for Provincial Purposes". The courts have held that "an income tax is the ...
provincial personal income taxes on behalf of all provinces except Quebec, through a system of unified tax returns. corporate taxes on behalf of all provinces except Quebec and Alberta. that portion of the Harmonized Sales Tax that is in excess of the federal Goods and Services Tax (GST) rate, with respect to the provinces that have implemented it.
Most provinces employ a system of federal-provincial agreements whereby the tax is collected on behalf of a province by the federal government. Quebec is the only province that collects provincial personal income taxes by their agency. Thus, Quebec residents file tax returns with both Revenu Québec and the Canada Revenue Agency. Alberta and ...
In all provinces where the provincial sales tax is collected, the tax is imposed on the sale price without GST (in the past, in Quebec and in Prince Edward Island, PST was applied to the combined sum of sale price and GST). Of the provincial sales taxes, only the QST (and the HST) are value-added; the rest are cascading taxes.
Quebec's high provincial taxes account for its budget surplus, although without equalization Quebec would have had a deficit. [28] Quebec residents pay the highest provincial tax in the country but the lowest federal tax. [41] Quebec residents pay 16.5% less federal income tax annually than other Canadian provinces due to the Quebec Abatement. [42]
Taxes for provincial corporations in Canada are administered by the CRA, except for provinces of Alberta and Quebec. Ontario previously administered corporate taxes until 2008, after which the CRA took over responsibility collecting these taxes. [ 47 ]