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An image from John Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy, the first modern explanation of atomic theory.. This timeline of chemistry lists important works, discoveries, ideas, inventions, and experiments that significantly changed humanity's understanding of the modern science known as chemistry, defined as the scientific study of the composition of matter and of its interactions.
Albert Ghiorso (July 15, 1915 – December 26, 2010) was an American nuclear scientist and co-discoverer of a record 12 chemical elements on the periodic table. His research career spanned six decades, from the early 1940s to the late 1990s.
Joseph Priestley and Antoine Lavoisier discover a new gas called oxygen, discrediting the basic theory of chemistry at the time, creating the basis for the modern science of chemistry, and prompting chemists all over the world to look for more new elements; Humphry Davy introduces audiences to nitrous oxide ("laughing gas") and uses electricity to search for new chemical elements.
The modern periodic table is based on atomic number, which is equivalent to the nuclear charge, a change had to wait for the discovery of the nucleus. [37]: 228 In addition, an entire row of the table was not shown because the noble gases had not been discovered when Mendeleev devised his table. [37]: 222
The discoveries of the 118 chemical elements known to exist as of 2025 are presented here in chronological order. The elements are listed generally in the order in which each was first defined as the pure element, as the exact date of discovery of most elements cannot be accurately determined.
The following dates are approximations. 700 BC: Pythagoras's theorem is discovered by Baudhayana in the Hindu Shulba Sutras in Upanishadic India. [18] However, Indian mathematics, especially North Indian mathematics, generally did not have a tradition of communicating proofs, and it is not fully certain that Baudhayana or Apastamba knew of a proof.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 28 January 2025. Development of the table of chemical elements The American chemist Glenn T. Seaborg —after whom the element seaborgium is named—standing in front of a periodic table, May 19, 1950 Part of a series on the Periodic table Periodic table forms 18-column 32-column Alternative and extended ...
Sample illustration: Periodic table in the style of a space lemniscate by William Crookes. On 13 August 1894, John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh and William Ramsay announced the detection of a new gas in the atmosphere. On 31 January 1895 they made a full report to the Royal Society on the new gas, argon. In addition, William Crookes, who ...