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Overdiagnosis has also been associated with early detection in a variety of other cancers, including neuroblastoma, [17] [18] melanoma, [19] and thyroid cancer. [20] In fact, some degree of overdiagnosis in cancer early detection is probably the rule, not the exception. [citation needed]
Childhood cancer is cancer in a child. About 80% of childhood cancer cases in high-income countries can be successfully treated via modern medical treatments and optimal patient care. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] However, only about 10% of children diagnosed with cancer reside in high-income countries where the necessary treatments and care is available.
In 2008, leukemia, usually acute lymphoblastic leukemia, was the most common cancer in children aged 1–14 in the U.S., followed by the central nervous system cancers, neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumor, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. [20] Childhood cancers increased 19% between 1975 and 1990, mainly due to an increased incidence in acute leukemia.
The rate of child and teen cancer deaths in the U.S. fell 24% between 2001 and 2021, according to a report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Breast cancer, prostate cancer, and colorectal cancer are examples of cancer types that are prone to overdiagnosis. [10] The consequences of overdiagnosis and overtreatment resulting from cancer screening can lead to a decline in quality of life, due to the adverse effects of unnecessary medication and hospitalization. [10] [12] [13]
Cancer prevention is the practice of taking active measures to decrease the incidence of cancer and mortality. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The practice of prevention depends on both individual efforts to improve lifestyle and seek preventive screening , and socioeconomic or public policy related to cancer prevention. [ 3 ]