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Clavicle fractures occur at 30–64 cases per 100,000 a year and are responsible for 2.6–5.0% of all fractures. [15] This type of fracture occurs more often in males. [ 15 ] About half of all clavicle fractures occur in children under the age of seven and is the most common pediatric fracture.
The Müller AO Classification of fractures is a system for classifying bone fractures initially published in 1987 [1] by the AO Foundation as a method of categorizing injuries according to therognosis of the patient's anatomical and functional outcome. "AO" is an initialism for the German "Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen", the ...
Distal radius fractures are the most common fractures seen in adults and children. [4] Distal radius fractures account for 18% of all adult fractures with an approximate rate of 23.6 to 25.8 per 100,000 per year. [25] For children, both boys and girls have a similar incidence of these types of fractures, however the peak ages differ slightly.
A Colles' fracture is a type of fracture of the distal forearm in which the broken end of the radius is bent backwards. [2] Symptoms may include pain, swelling , deformity, and bruising . [ 2 ] Complications may include damage to the median nerve .
However, Type III fractures occur in 60% of all the open fracture cases. Infection of the Type III fractures is observed in 10% to 50% of the time. Therefore, in 1984, Gustilo subclassified Type III fractures into A, B, and C with the aim of guiding the treatment of open fractures, communication and research, and to predict outcomes.
The distal clavicle is found in 2 orientations, either subacromial or subcoracoid. With the subcoracoid dislocation, the clavicle becomes lodged behind the intact conjoined tendon. The posterior superior AC ligaments, which often remain attached to the acromion, get displaced into the AC interval, making anatomic reduction difficult.
A Salter–Harris fracture is a fracture that involves the epiphyseal plate (growth plate) of a bone, specifically the zone of provisional calcification. [2] It is thus a form of child bone fracture. It is a common injury found in children, occurring in 15% of childhood long bone fractures. [3]
Modern variations of the procedure may use additional fixation methods to better stabilize the distal clavicle end as the original construction is rather weak compared to the unharmed shoulder. Even with these modifications, the modern surgeries do not match intact coracoclavicular ligament strength in cadaveric testing. [ 3 ]