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In addition to being a mechanical engineer and government official, Lingzan was also an active scholar and artist. He wrote The Five-Planet and Twenty-eight Constellation Deities ( Chinese : 五星二十八宿神形 ; pinyin : wǔxīng èrshíbāxiù shénxíng ), of which a Song dynasty copy resides in the collection of the Osaka City Art Museum.
In 1956, John Christiansen reconstructed a model of Su Song's clocktower in a famous drawing, which garnered attention in the West towards 11th-century Chinese engineering. [69] A miniature model of Su Song's clock was reconstructed by John Cambridge and is now on display at the National Science Museum at South Kensington, London. [15]
The Chinese of the ancient Han dynasty (202 BCE–220 CE) figured out how to create steel by smelting together the carbon intermediary of wrought iron and cast iron by the 1st century BCE. [ 91 ] [ 92 ] [ 93 ] However, there were two new Chinese innovations of the Song dynasty to create steel during the 11th century.
Technology during the Tang period was built also upon the precedents of the past. The mechanical gear systems of Zhang Heng (78–139) and Ma Jun (fl. 3rd century) gave the Tang engineer, astronomer, and monk Yi Xing (683–727) inspiration when he invented the world's first clockwork escapement mechanism in 725. [22]
The tower clock of Norwich Cathedral constructed c. 1273 (reference to a payment for a mechanical clock dated to this year) is the earliest such large clock known. The clock has not survived. [ 95 ] The first clock known to strike regularly on the hour, a clock with a verge and foliot mechanism, is recorded in Milan in 1336. [ 96 ]
Automata, particularly watches and clocks, were popular in China during the 18th and 19th centuries, and items were produced for the Chinese market. Strong interest by Chinese collectors in the 21st century brought many interesting items to market where they have had dramatic realizations. [62]
A Tang dynasty tomb decorated with colorful murals is providing a new glimpse into daily life in China during the 8 th century. Most interestingly, the murals show signs of Western influence ...
However, Yi Xing's mechanical achievements were built upon the knowledge and efforts of previous Chinese mechanical engineers, such as the statesman and master of gear systems Zhang Heng (78–139) of the Han dynasty, the mechanical engineer Ma Jun (200–265) of the Three Kingdoms, and the Daoist Li Lan (c. 450) of the Southern and Northern ...