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Vanadium(V) oxide (vanadia) is the inorganic compound with the formula V 2 O 5. Commonly known as vanadium pentoxide , it is a dark yellow solid, although when freshly precipitated from aqueous solution, its colour is deep orange.
Vanadium oxide mainly refers to: Vanadium(II) oxide (vanadium monoxide), VO; Vanadium(III) oxide (vanadium sesquioxide or trioxide), V 2 O 3; Vanadium(IV) oxide (vanadium dioxide), VO 2; Vanadium(V) oxide (vanadium pentoxide), V 2 O 5; Various other distinct phases include: Phases with the general formula V n O 2n+1 exist between V 2 O 5 and VO 2.
Most vanadium is used as a steel alloy called ferrovanadium. Ferrovanadium is produced directly by reducing a mixture of vanadium oxide, iron oxides and iron in an electric furnace. The vanadium ends up in pig iron produced from vanadium-bearing magnetite. Depending on the ore used, the slag contains up to 25% of vanadium. [71]
Vanadium forms oxides in the +2, +3, +4 and +5 oxidation states, forming vanadium(II) oxide (VO), vanadium(III) oxide (V 2 O 3), vanadium(IV) oxide (VO 2) and vanadium(V) oxide (V 2 O 5). Vanadium(V) oxide or vanadium pentoxide is the most common, being precursor to most alloys and compounds of vanadium, and is also a widely used industrial ...
Vanadium(II) oxide is the inorganic compound with the idealized formula VO. It is one of the several binary vanadium oxides. It adopts a distorted NaCl structure and contains weak V−V metal to metal bonds. VO is a semiconductor owing to delocalisation of electrons in the t 2g orbitals.
Vanadium pentoxide is a commercially important catalyst for the production of sulfuric acid, a reaction that exploits the ability of vanadium oxides to undergo redox reactions. [ 2 ] The vanadium redox battery utilizes all four oxidation states: one electrode uses the +5/+4 couple and the other uses the +3/+2 couple.
An oxide is a chemical compound in which one or more oxygen atoms combined with another element, such as H 2 O or CO 2.Based on their acid-base characteristics, oxides can be classified into four categories: acidic oxides, basic oxides, and amphoteric oxides and neutral oxides.
Vanadium(III) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula V 2 O 3. It is a black solid prepared by reduction of V 2 O 5 with hydrogen or carbon monoxide. [3] [4] It is a basic oxide dissolving in acids to give solutions of vanadium (III) complexes. [4] V 2 O 3 has the corundum structure. [4]