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A hotspot's position on the Earth's surface is independent of tectonic plate boundaries, and so hotspots may create a chain of volcanoes as the plates move above them. There are two hypotheses that attempt to explain their origins. One suggests that hotspots are due to mantle plumes that rise as thermal diapirs from the core–mantle boundary. [2]
The hotspot's most recent caldera-forming supereruption, known as the Lava Creek Eruption, took place 640,000 years ago and created the Lava Creek Tuff, and the most recent Yellowstone Caldera. The Yellowstone hotspot is one of a few volcanic hotspots underlying the North American tectonic plate; another example is the Anahim hotspot.
There is an ongoing discussion about whether the hotspot is caused by a deep mantle plume or originates at a much shallower depth. [3] Recently, seismic tomography studies have found seismic wave speed anomalies under Iceland, consistent with a hot conduit 100 km (62 mi) across that extends to the lower mantle.
The volcanism is caused by the African plate moving slowly over a hotspot in the Earth's mantle. A hotspot (the Canary hotspot) is the explanation accepted by most geologists who study the Canary Islands. [34] [35] A relatively hot mantle plume associated with this hotspot is thought to be rising through the mantle under La Palma and El Hierro ...
One of the rare examples of sedimentary rocks in Iceland is the sequence of marine and non-marine sediments present on the Tjörnes Peninsula in northern Iceland. These Pliocene and late Pleistocene deposits are composed of silt and sandstones, with fossils preserved in the lower layers. [11]
Biodiversity hotspots host their diverse ecosystems on just 2.4% of the planet's surface. [2] Ten hotspots were originally identified by Myer; [1] the current 36 used to cover more than 15.7% of all the land but have lost around 85% of their area. [8]
Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects Wikimedia Commons; Wikidata item; ... Hotspots of the Southern Ocean (2 P) Pages in category "Hotspots (geology)"
The study of the causal relations of the phenomena present in a region; a comprehensive explanatory study of a region. [4] choropleth A map showing the distribution of a phenomenon by graded shading which indicates the density per unit area of that phenomenon; the darker the shading, the greater the density. [13] chott. Also shott and shatt.