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Ecosystem ecology is the "study of the interactions between organisms and their environment as an integrated system". [ 2 ] : 458 The size of ecosystems can range up to ten orders of magnitude , from the surface layers of rocks to the surface of the planet.
Ecology (from Ancient Greek οἶκος (oîkos) ' house ' and -λογία ' study of ') is the natural science of the relationships among living organisms and their environment. Ecology considers organisms at the individual, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels.
An ecosystem (also called an environment) is a natural unit consisting of all plants, animals, and micro-organisms (biotic factors) in an area functioning together with all of the non-living physical factors of the environment.
These factors may include descriptions of the organism's life history, habitat, trophic position (place in the food chain), and geographic range. According to the competitive exclusion principle, no two species can occupy the same niche in the same environment for a long time.
Habitat can be defined as the natural environment of an organism, the type of place in which it is natural for it to live and grow. [4] [5] It is similar in meaning to a biotope; an area of uniform environmental conditions associated with a particular community of plants and animals. [6]
Environmental science is an interdisciplinary academic field that integrates physics, biology, meteorology, mathematics and geography (including ecology, chemistry, plant science, zoology, mineralogy, oceanography, limnology, soil science, geology and physical geography, and atmospheric science) to the study of the environment, and the solution of environmental problems.
Environment most often refers to: Natural environment , referring respectively to all living and non-living things occurring naturally and the physical and biological factors along with their chemical interactions that affect an organism or a group of organisms
Ecophysiology (from Greek οἶκος, oikos, "house(hold)"; φύσις, physis, "nature, origin"; and -λογία, -logia), environmental physiology or physiological ecology is a biological discipline that studies the response of an organism's physiology to environmental conditions.