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As with statins, this decrease in intra-hepatic (liver) LDL levels may induce hepatic LDL receptor up-regulation, also decreasing plasma LDL levels. As always, a key issue is how benefits and complications of such agents compare with statins—molecular tools that have been analyzed in large numbers of human research and clinical trials since ...
Dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia is when the lipids in your blood are too high or too low. Estimates suggest that 53 percent of adults in the U.S. have lipid abnormalities.. Lipids are a type of fat ...
Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), density relative to extracellular water, is a type of lipoprotein made by the liver. [1] VLDL is one of the five major groups of lipoproteins (chylomicrons, VLDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein) that enable fats and cholesterol to move within the water-based solution of the bloodstream.
malabsorption (inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestines), such as in celiac disease; malnutrition; abetalipoproteinemia - a rare genetic disease that causes cholesterol readings below 50 mg/dL. It is found mostly in Jewish populations. [11] hypobetalipoproteinemia - a genetic disease that causes cholesterol readings below 50 mg/dL ...
First, hypoproteinemia stimulates protein synthesis in the liver, resulting in the overproduction of low and very-low-density lipoproteins. There is also an increase in the liver synthesis of cholesterol. Second, lipid catabolism is decreased due to lower levels of lipoprotein lipase, the main enzyme involved in lipoprotein breakdown. [13]
Fibrates may decrease LDL, though generally to a lesser degree than statins. Similar to statins, the risk of muscle damage exists. Nicotinic acid, like fibrates, is also well suited for lowering triglycerides by 20–50%. It may also lower LDL by 5–25% and increase HDL by 15–35%. Niacin may cause hyperglycemia and may also cause liver damage.
Notably, in people who do not have the genetic disorder hypobetalipoproteinemia, a very low cholesterol level (less than 100 mg/dl) may be a marker for poor nutrition, wasting disease, cancer, hyperthyroidism, and liver disease. In 1997 a study showed that Japanese Centenarians had tenfold increase of hypobetalipoproteinemia compared with controls.
Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, [1] which include coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease. [1] Although dyslipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease , abnormal levels do not mean that lipid lowering agents need to be started. [ 2 ]