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In epistemology, criteria of truth (or tests of truth) are standards and rules used to judge the accuracy of statements and claims. They are tools of verification, and as in the problem of the criterion, the reliability of these tools is disputed. Understanding a philosophy's criteria of truth is fundamental to a clear evaluation of that ...
There are multiple theories of possible origins of concepts such as Ahimsa, or non-violence. [61] The Chāndogya Upaniṣad , dated to about the 7th century BCE, in verse 8.15.1, has the earliest evidence for the use of the word Ahimsa in the sense familiar in Hinduism (a code of conduct).
Shamanism is a spiritual practice that involves a practitioner (shaman) interacting with the spirit world through altered states of consciousness, such as trance. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The goal of this is usually to direct spirits or spiritual energies into the physical world for the purpose of healing, divination , or to aid human beings in some other way.
The term "shamanism" can cover multiple characteristics of various different cultures. [70] Mediation is regarded often as an important aspect of shamanism in general. [ 71 ] Also in most Eskimo groups, the role of mediator is known well: [ 72 ] the person filling it in is actually believed to be able to contact the beings who populate the ...
Sámi drum. Traditional Sámi spiritual practices and beliefs are based on a type of animism, polytheism, and what anthropologists may consider shamanism.The religious traditions can vary considerably from region to region within Sápmi.
The five 'lesser vows' of anuvrata consist of the five greater vows but with less restrictions to incorporate the duties of a householder, i.e. a layperson with a home, he or she has responsibilities to the family, community and society that a Jain monk does not have. These minor vows have the following incorporated into ethical conduct:
Yakut shamanism is a folk religion traditionally practiced by the Yakuts. Accounts of the supernatural have been preserved in the olonkho , a musical folklore tradition. After the Russian conquest of the Yakut homeland in the 17th century some influences from Orthodox Christianity began.
Developed during his Izu exile, the Five Guides (gogi) are five criteria through which Buddhist teachings can be evaluated and ranked. They are the quality of the teaching (kyō), the innate human capacity ( ki ) of the people, the time ( ji ), the characteristic of the land or country ( koku ), and the sequence of dharma propagation ( kyōhō ...