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Reaction of GeF 4 with fluoride sources produces GeF 5 − anions with octahedral coordination around Ge atom due to polymerization. [6] The structural characterization of a discrete trigonal bipyramidal GeF 5 − anion was achieved by a "naked" fluoride reagent 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium fluoride.
GDP remains bound to the inactive GTPase until a GEF binds and stimulates its release. [3] The localization of GEFs can determine where in the cell a particular GTPase will be active. For example, the Ran GEF, RCC1, is present in the nucleus while the Ran GAP is present in the cytosol, modulating nuclear import and export of proteins. [8]
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 4 (RAPGEF4), also known as exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 2 (EPAC2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAPGEF4 gene. [5] [6] [7] Epac2 is a target of cAMP, a major second messenger in various cells.
Germanium tetrafluoride, GeF 4, a colorless molecular gas Index of chemical compounds with the same name This set index article lists chemical compounds articles associated with the same name.
Two oxides of germanium are known: germanium dioxide (GeO 2, germania) and germanium monoxide, (GeO). [4] The dioxide, GeO 2 can be obtained by roasting germanium disulfide (GeS 2) or by allowing elemental germanium to slowly oxidze in air, [5] and is a white powder that is only slightly soluble in water but reacts with alkalis to form germanates. [4]
RhoGEF domain describes two distinct structural domains with guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity to regulate small GTPases in the Rho family.Rho small GTPases are inactive when bound to GDP but active when bound to GTP; RhoGEF domains in proteins are able to promote GDP release and GTP binding to activate specific Rho family members, including RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42.
Germanium difluoride (GeF 2) is a chemical compound of germanium and fluorine. It is a white solid with a melting point of 110 °C, and can be produced by reacting germanium tetrafluoride with germanium powder at 150–300 °C.
Members of the RAS subfamily of GTPases function in signal transduction as GTP/GDP-regulated switches that cycle between inactive GDP- and active GTP-bound states. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) such as RAPGEF2 serve as RAS activators by promoting acquisition of GTP to maintain the active GTP-bound state and are the key link between cell surface receptors and RAS activation.