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This is a list of commands from the GNU Core Utilities for Unix environments. These commands can be found on Unix operating systems and most Unix-like operating systems. GNU Core Utilities include basic file, shell and text manipulation utilities. Coreutils includes all of the basic command-line tools that are expected in a POSIX system.
The bg command can resume a suspended job (sending SIGCONT), running it in the background. Using the fg command will also reconnect standard input its parent terminal, bringing it into the foreground. The jobs command will list all processes associated with the current terminal and can be used to bring background processes into the foreground ...
Epitaxy can involve single-crystal structures, although grain-to-grain epitaxy has been observed in granular films. [1] [2] For most technological applications, single-domain epitaxy, which is the growth of an overlayer crystal with one well-defined orientation with respect to the substrate crystal, is preferred. Epitaxy can also play an ...
The shell, in turn, partitions the command pipelines that it creates into process groups, and controls what process group is the foreground process group of its controlling terminal, thus determining what processes (and thus what command pipelines) may perform I/O to and from the terminal at any given time.
getty, short for "get tty", is a Unix program running on a host computer that manages physical or virtual terminals (TTYs). When it detects a connection, it prompts for a username and runs the 'login' program to authenticate the user.
The concept of a job maps the (shell) concept of a single shell command to the (operating system) concept of the possibly many processes that the command entails. Multi-process tasks come about because processes may create additional child processes, and a single shell command may consist of a pipeline of multiple communicating processes.
Microsoft Windows has the tasklist command and the graphical Task Manager utility. IBM AIX has an updating running processes list as part of the topas and topas_nmon commands. The load average numbers in Linux refers to the sum of the number of processes waiting in the run-queue plus the number currently executing. The number is absolute, not ...
The other pseudo-device, the slave, emulates a hardware serial port device, [1] and is used by terminal-oriented programs such as shells (e.g. bash) as a processes to read/write data back from/to master endpoint. [1] PTYs are similar to bidirectional pipes. [3]: 1388 Devpts is a Linux kernel virtual file system containing pseudoterminal devices.