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Integrated Business Planning, IBP, enables businesses to bring together different elements of planning into a single process. There is no single common definition of IBP as there is no universally agreed upon terminology describing different degrees and forms of integrated processes. IBP may include, but is not limited to, taking into account:
A supply chain is the network of all the individuals, organizations, resources, activities and technology involved in the creation and sale of a product. A supply chain encompasses everything from the delivery of source materials from the supplier to the manufacturer through to its eventual delivery to the end user.
In commerce, global supply-chain management is defined as the distribution of goods and services throughout a trans-national companies' global network to maximize profit and minimize waste. [1] Essentially, global supply chain-management is the same as supply-chain management, but it focuses on companies and organizations that are trans-national.
an "extended" supply chain includes suppliers of the immediate supplier and customers of the immediate customer; an "ultimate" supply chain includes all of the organizations involved in the supply of the product or service. In each case, the flow of information and finances is part of the chain as well as the product or service. [10]
Horizontal integration is the process of a company increasing production of goods or services at the same level of the value chain, in the same industry. A company may do this via internal expansion or through mergers and acquisitions .
Rapid technology development can increase integration difficulties and further increase costs. The requirement of different business skills venturing into new portions of the supply chain can be challenging for the firm. [9] Another problem that may stem from vertical integration is the collapse of goals among the various firms in a supply chain.
Global supply-chain governance (SCG) is a term that originated around the mid-2000. [1] It is a governing system of rules, structures and institutions that guide, control, and lead supply chains, through policies and regulations, with the goal of creating greater efficiency. [1]
Integrated Chain Management (ICM), also known as Integral Chain Management, is an approach for the reduction of environmental impact of product chains. Such a product chain exists out of an extraction phase, a production phase, a use phase and a waste phase. The ultimate goal of ICM is a reduction of environmental load over the whole chain.