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A related example is the multiset of solutions of an algebraic equation. A quadratic equation, for example, has two solutions. However, in some cases they are both the same number. Thus the multiset of solutions of the equation could be {3, 5}, or it could be {4, 4}. In the latter case it has a solution of multiplicity 2.
It is a generalization of the subset sum problem. The input to the problem is a multiset of n integers and a positive integer m representing the number of subsets. The goal is to construct, from the input integers, some m subsets. The problem has several variants: Max-sum MSSP: for each subset j in 1,...,m, there is a capacity C j.
The subset sum problem (SSP) is a decision problem in computer science. In its most general formulation, there is a multiset S {\displaystyle S} of integers and a target-sum T {\displaystyle T} , and the question is to decide whether any subset of the integers sum to precisely T {\displaystyle T} . [ 1 ]
In some cases a multiset in this counting sense may be generalized to allow negative values, as in Python. C++'s Standard Template Library implements both sorted and unsorted multisets. It provides the multiset class for the sorted multiset, as a kind of associative container, which implements this multiset using a self-balancing binary search ...
A related problem, somewhat similar to the Birthday paradox, is that of determining the size of the input set so that we have a probability of one half that there is a solution, under the assumption that each element in the set is randomly selected with uniform distribution between 1 and some given value. The solution to this problem can be ...
[1]: sec.5 The problem is parametrized by a positive integer k, and called k-way number partitioning. [2] The input to the problem is a multiset S of numbers (usually integers), whose sum is k*T. The associated decision problem is to decide whether S can be partitioned into k subsets such that the sum of each subset is exactly T.
Conversely, in every solution of S u, since the target sum is 7 T and each element is in ( T /4, 7 T /2), there must be exactly 3 elements per set, so it corresponds to a solution of S r. The ABC-partition problem (also called numerical 3-d matching ) is a variant in which, instead of a set S with 3 m integers, there are three sets A , B , C ...
The following is an incomplete list of some arbitrary-precision arithmetic libraries for C++. GMP [1] [nb 1] MPFR [3] MPIR [4] TTMath [5] Arbitrary Precision Math C++ Package [6] Class Library for Numbers; Number Theory Library; Apfloat [7] C++ Big Integer Library [8] MAPM [9] ARPREC [10] InfInt [11] Universal Numbers [12] mp++ [13] num7 [14]