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The ferric chloride test is used to determine the presence of phenols in a given sample or compound (for instance natural phenols in a plant extract). Enols , hydroxamic acids , oximes, and sulfinic acids give positive results as well. [ 1 ]
The reaction is used in a chemical test for the detection of aldehydes in combination with ferric chloride. In this test a few drops of aldehyde containing specimen is dissolved in ethanol, the sulfonamide is added together with some sodium hydroxide solution and then the solution is acidified to Congo red. An added drop of ferric chloride will ...
The first example of an oxidative phenol coupling in synthetic chemistry can be traced to Julius Löwe’s 1868 synthesis of ellagic acid, accomplished by heating gallic acid with arsenic acid. [8] In the synthesis of complex organic compounds, oxidative phenol couplings are sometimes employed.
Ferric chloride (FeCl 3) test is also a colorimetric assay. Lamaison and Carnet have designed a test for the determination of the total flavonoid content of a sample (AlCI 3 method). After proper mixing of the sample and the reagent, the mixture is incubated for 10 minutes at ambient temperature and the absorbance of the solution is read at 440 nm.
Potassium ferricyanide is a component of amperometric biosensors as an electron transfer agent replacing an enzyme's natural electron transfer agent such as oxygen as with the enzyme glucose oxidase. It is an ingredient in commercially available blood glucose meters for use by diabetics .
A famous reaction involves treatment with ferric salts, most commonly Iron(III) chloride, to give Prussian blue. In the reaction with Iron(III) chloride, producing Potassium chloride as a side-product: 3 K 4 [Fe(CN) 6] + 4 FeCl 3 → Fe 4 [Fe(CN) 6] 3 + 12 KCl With the composition Fe III 4 [Fe II 6]
Phenylhydrazine is used to prepare indoles by the Fischer indole synthesis, which are intermediates in the synthesis of various dyes and pharmaceuticals. Phenylhydrazine is used to form phenylhydrazones of natural mixtures of simple sugars in order to render the differing sugars easily separable from each other. [9]
Samples and phenolic standards are given acidic ferric chloride and ferricyanide, which is reduced to ferrocyanide by the phenols. The ferric chloride and ferrocyanide react to form Prussian blue. Comparing the absorbance at 700 nm of the samples to the standards allows for the determination of total phenols or polyphenols. [53] [54]