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The terms "innovative" or "aggressive" are also sometimes used. Another common synonym is "cooking the books". Creative accounting is oftentimes used in tandem with outright financial fraud (including securities fraud), and lines between the two are blurred. Creative accounting practices have been known since ancient times and appear world-wide ...
Technical Information Service Inquiries and Replies included in AICPA Technical Practice Aids; Accounting textbooks, handbooks, and articles. The FASB issues an Accounting Standards Update (Update or ASU) to communicate changes to the FASB Codification, including changes to non-authoritative SEC content. ASUs are not authoritative standards. [5]
In U.S. law, this practice has been theorized as a form of uncivil obedience. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Malicious compliance was common in the Soviet Union 's command economy ; examples are used in the studies of behavior, management, and economics to hypothetically show differences between the Soviet command economy and a free market .
Turnover in accounting personnel or other deficiencies in accounting and information processes can create an opportunity for misstatement. As for misappropriation of assets, opportunities are greater in companies with accessible cash or with inventory or other valuable assets, especially if the assets are small or easily removed.
AICPA and its predecessors date back to 1887, when the American Association of Public Accountants (AAPA) was formed. [4] [5] The Association went through several name changes over the years: the Institute of Public Accountants (1916), the American Institute of Accountants (1917), and the American Society of Public Accountants (1921), which merged into the American Institute of Accountants in ...
In the United States, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board develops standards (Auditing Standards or AS) for publicly traded companies since the 2002 passage of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act; however, it adopted many of the GAAS initially. The GAAS continues to apply to non-public/private companies.
The Financial Accounting Standards Advisory Council then voiced its concerns due to the increase of financial reporting guidance from the old U.S. GAAP standards, and the FASB responded by launching a new project to codify the standards. The project was approved in September 2004 by the Trustees of the Financial Accounting Foundation. [2]
This guide prescribes the modified cash basis of accounting to be used by all departments. Public entities and trading entities use Generally Recognized Accounting Practice (GRAP), developed by the South African Accounting Standards Board based on IPSAS. Public/ widely held companies use IFRS.