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Bosonic string theory is the original version of string theory, developed in the late 1960s.It is so called because it contains only bosons in the spectrum.. In the 1980s, supersymmetry was discovered in the context of string theory, and a new version of string theory called superstring theory (supersymmetric string theory) became the real focus.
In bosonic string theory, spacetime is 26-dimensional, while in superstring theory it is 10-dimensional, and in M-theory it is 11-dimensional. In order to describe real physical phenomena using string theory, one must therefore imagine scenarios in which these extra dimensions would not be observed in experiments.
Schwarz and Scherk argued that string theory had failed to catch on because physicists had underestimated its scope. This led to the development of bosonic string theory. String theory is formulated in terms of the Polyakov action, [37] which describes how strings move through space and time. Like springs, the strings tend to contract to ...
In string theory, a worldsheet is a two-dimensional manifold which describes the embedding of a string in spacetime. [1] The term was coined by Leonard Susskind [2] as a direct generalization of the world line concept for a point particle in special and general relativity.
The Nambu–Goto action is the simplest invariant action in bosonic string theory, and is also used in other theories that investigate string-like objects (for example, cosmic strings). It is the starting point of the analysis of zero-thickness (infinitely thin) string behaviour, using the principles of Lagrangian mechanics .
This approach can be dated back to a paper by Gabriele Veneziano [1] that shows how an inflationary cosmological model can be obtained from string theory, thus opening the door to a description of pre-Big Bang scenarios. The idea is related to a property of the bosonic string in a curve background, better known as nonlinear sigma model.
A diagram of string theory dualities. Blue edges indicate S-duality. Red edges indicate T-duality. Up until the mid 1990s, physicists working on string theory believed there were five distinct versions of the theory: type I, type IIA, type IIB, and the two flavors of heterotic string theory (SO(32) and E 8 ×E 8). The different theories allow ...
Non-compact free bosonic CFTs with are used for describing non-critical string theory. In this context, a non-compact free bosonic CFT is called a linear dilaton theory . A free bosonic CFT with Q = 0 {\displaystyle Q=0} i.e. c = 1 {\displaystyle c=1} is a sigma model with a one-dimensional target space.