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Sallekhana (IAST: sallekhanā), also known as samlehna, santhara, samadhi-marana or sanyasana-marana, [1] is a supplementary vow to the ethical code of conduct of Jainism.It is the religious practice of voluntarily fasting to death by gradually reducing the intake of food and liquids. [2]
Varshitapa is an upavāsa, fasting for 36 hours, on alternate days for 13 lunar months and 13 days continuously. In Varshitapa a person eats on alternate days between sunrise and sunset only. A person can not eat on any two consecutive days for the period of fast but can fast on two consecutive days.
According to Jainism, this person is often one who is willingly or unwillingly ignorant to the concepts of rebirth, other worlds, and liberation of the soul. Sakama Marana which refers to someone who is not afraid of death and who accepts it willingly and at ease. They understand that there is no way to avoid death and that it is a natural process.
In Jainism, suicide is regarded as the worst form of himsā (violence) and is not permitted. [citation needed] Ahimsā (nonviolence) is the fundamental doctrine of Jainism. According to the Jain text Puruşārthasiddhyupāya, "when death is near" the vow of sallekhanā (fasting to death) is observed by properly thinning the body and the ...
Sallekhana is the religious vow of gradually reducing the intake of food and liquids observed by terminally ill or old Jain disciples. It is widely called fasting unto death as there is a reduction in food intake. It is practiced with the approval of Jain monks and can last over 12 years or more.
During Paryushana, Jains observe a fast. The span of the fast can last from a day to 30 days or even more. The span of the fast can last from a day to 30 days or even more. In both Digambara and Śvētāmbara , śrāvakas (laypersons) do a fast by having only boiled water which can be consumed between sunrise and sunset.
Jainism is based on the principle of non-violence and is best known for it. [26] Jainism recommends voluntary death or sallekhana for both ascetics and srāvaka (householders) at the end of their life. [27] Sallekhana (also known as Santhara, Samadhi-marana) is made up of two words sal (meaning 'properly') and lekhana, which means to thin out.
The Jain socio-religious practices like regular fasting, practicing severe austerities and penances, [14] the ritual death of Sallekhana [51] and rejection of God as the creator and operator of the universe can all be linked to the Jain theory of karma.