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This is a list of icebreakers and other special icebreaking vessels (except cargo ships and tankers) capable of operating independently in ice-covered waters. Ships known to be in service are presented in bold .
An icebreaker is a brief facilitation exercise intended to help members of a group begin the process of working together or forming a team.They are commonly presented as games to "warm up" a group by helping members get to know each other and often focus on sharing personal information such as names or hobbies.
When a ship becomes immobilized by ice, the icebreaker has to free it by breaking the ice surrounding the ship and, if necessary, open a safe passage through the ice field. In difficult ice conditions, the icebreaker can also tow the weakest ships. [11] Finnish icebreaker Otso escorting a merchant ship in the Baltic Sea
If static force is applied to a sheet of ice it will flex slightly before suffering a catastrophic failure. Since the ice will bend slightly when any capable vehicle travels on ice-covered water, it follows that travelling at some critical speed may impose sufficient flexing of the ice sheet to cause resonance, and this may result in positive feedback effectively amplifying the oscillation ...
The 6-metre (20 ft) wide ice belt, where the hull plating was over 50 millimetres (2.0 in) thick in the bow, was designed to withstand ice pressures of up to 1,000 tonnes per square meter (about 1,400 psi), more than 30 to 60 times as much as normal merchant ships at the time.
The Kapitan Khlebnikov was completed in Finland in 1981 [3] as one of four Kapitan Sorokin-class icebreakers.She was refitted in 1990 as a tour ship [4] and was the first ship to circumnavigate Antarctica with passengers in 1996–97.
Yermak assisting the stranded warship Apraxin, 1900 1976 Soviet postage stamp honoring the Yermak. An earlier vessel, the schooner Yermak, was commissioned for the 1862 attempt to find the Yenissei river delta by Paul Theodor von Krusenstern, by navigating from Murmansk through the Kara Sea to the destination, but unfortunately was shipwrecked before obtaining success.
Yamal can break ice while making way either forwards or backwards. Yamal is one of the Russian Arktika family of icebreakers, the most powerful icebreakers in the world. These ships must cruise in cold water to cool their reactors [failed verification], so they cannot pass through the tropics to undertake voyages in the Southern hemisphere. [3]