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Traumatic experiences in early childhood can result in severe consequences throughout adulthood, for instance developing post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, or anxiety. [2] The effects of this trauma can be experienced very differently depending on factors such as how long the trauma was, how severe and even the age of the child when it ...
Stress is encountered in four different stages in early childhood. [3] In the first stage, stress usually causes alarm. [3] Next, in the second or appraisal stage, the child attempts to find meaning from the event. [3] Stage three consists of children seeking out coping strategies. [3]
These events may include antisocial behaviors, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and sleep disturbances. [3] Additionally, children whose mothers have experienced traumatic or stressful events during pregnancy have an increased risk of mental health disorders and other neurodevelopmental disorders. [3]
Child neglect, often overlooked, is the most common form of child maltreatment. [1] Most perpetrators of child abuse and neglect are the parents themselves. A total of 79.4% of the perpetrators of abused and neglected children are the parents of the victims, and of those 79.4% parents, 61% exclusively neglect their children. [2]
Conduct disorder (CD) is a mental disorder diagnosed in childhood or adolescence that presents itself through a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that includes theft, lies, physical violence that may lead to destruction, and reckless breaking of rules, [2] in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate norms are violated.
The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study was a collaborative effort between the US private healthcare organization Kaiser Permanente and the government-run Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to examine the long-term relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and a variety of health behaviors and health outcomes in ...
Early childhood typically ranges from infancy to the age of 6 years old. During this period, development is significant, as many of life's milestones happen during this time period such as first words, learning to crawl, and learning to walk. Middle childhood/preadolescence or ages 6–12 universally mark a distinctive period between major ...
Lastly, the Adverse Childhood Experiences study (ACE) found a connection between multiple categories of childhood trauma (e.g., child abuse, household dysfunction including domestic violence, and child neglect) and health/behavioral outcomes later in life. The more traumas a child was exposed to, the greater risk for disabilities, social ...