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The prevention of dementia involves reducing the number of risk factors for the development of dementia, and is a global health priority needing a global response. [1] [2] Initiatives include the establishment of the International Research Network on Dementia Prevention (IRNDP) [3] which aims to link researchers in this field globally, and the establishment of the Global Dementia Observatory ...
[37] [38] People with objective signs of cognitive impairment, but not more severe symptoms, may be diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). If memory loss is the predominant symptom of MCI, it is termed amnestic MCI and is frequently seen as a prodromal or early stage of Alzheimer's disease. [ 39 ]
Agitation in predementia and dementia is distressed affect that leads to poor moods and often aggression toward other people, such as family members and other caregivers. Agitation is often part of dementia and often precedes the diagnosis of common age-related disorders of cognition such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).
People with dementia are more likely to have problems with incontinence; they are three times more likely to have urinary and four times more likely to have fecal incontinence compared to people of similar ages. [62] [63] This can have a profound impact on the dignity and quality of life of people with dementia and their caregivers. [62] [64]
Signs and symptoms are classified into three groups based on the affected functions of the frontal and temporal lobes: [8] These are behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, semantic dementia, and progressive nonfluent aphasia. An overlap between symptoms can occur as the disease progresses and spreads through the brain regions. [14]
Diagnosis of mixed dementia can be difficult, as often only one type will predominate. This makes the treatment of people with mixed dementia uncommon, with many people missing out on potentially helpful treatments. Mixed dementia can mean that symptoms onset earlier, and worsen more quickly since more parts of the brain will be affected. [16]
Binswanger's disease is a type of subcortical vascular dementia caused by white matter atrophy to the brain. However, white matter atrophy alone is not sufficient for this disease; evidence of subcortical dementia is also necessary.
Similar to the NINCDS-ADRDA Alzheimer's Criteria are the DSM-IV-TR criteria published by the American Psychiatric Association. [3] At the same time the advances in functional neuroimaging techniques such as PET or SPECT that have already proven their utility to differentiate Alzheimer's disease from other possible causes, [4] have led to proposals of revision of the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria that ...