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Since the impactor's velocity is so high that cohesion within the target material can be neglected, the momentum can only be transferred to the material (mass) directly in front of the impactor, which will be pushed at the impactor's speed. If the impactor has pushed a mass equal to its own mass at this speed, its whole momentum has been ...
When vehicles collide, the damage increases with the relative velocity of the vehicles, the damage increasing as the square of the velocity since it is the impact kinetic energy (1/2 mv 2) which is the variable of importance. Much design effort is made to improve the impact resistance of cars so as to minimize user injury.
Impact parameter b and scattering angle θ In physics, the impact parameter b is defined as the perpendicular distance between the path of a projectile and the center of a potential field U(r) created by an object that the projectile is approaching (see diagram).
A soft lead bullet, or jacketed hollow-point bullet, or soft-point bullet will flatten out on impact (if the velocity at impact is sufficient to make it deform), spreading the impact over a larger area of the target, allowing more total force to be applied without damaging the steel target.
The Izod impact test differs from the Charpy impact test in that the sample is held in a cantilevered beam configuration as opposed to a three-point bending configuration. The test is named after the English engineer Edwin Gilbert Izod (1876–1946), who described it in his 1903 address to the British Association , subsequently published in ...
A key simplifying assumption Gurney made was that there is a linear velocity gradient in the explosive detonation product gases; in situations where this is strongly violated, such as implosions, the accuracy of the equations is low.
Impact tests on natural materials (can be considered as low-strength), such as wood, are used to study the material toughness and are subjected to a number of issues that include the interaction between the pendulum and a specimen as well as higher modes of vibration and multiple contacts between pendulum tup and the specimen.
The predicted impact point (PIP) is the location that a ballistic projectile (e.g. bomb, missile, bullet) is expected to strike if fired. The PIP is almost always actively determined by a targeting computer , which then projects a PIP marker (a " pipper ") onto a head-up display (HUD).