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This usage of the term permutation is closely associated with the term combination to mean a subset. A k-combination of a set S is a k-element subset of S: the elements of a combination are not ordered. Ordering the k-combinations of S in all possible ways produces the k-permutations of S.
Combination. In mathematics, a combination is a selection of items from a set that has distinct members, such that the order of selection does not matter (unlike permutations). For example, given three fruits, say an apple, an orange and a pear, there are three combinations of two that can be drawn from this set: an apple and a pear; an apple ...
Combinations and permutations in the mathematical sense are described in several articles. Described together, in-depth: Twelvefold way. Explained separately in a more accessible way: Combination. Permutation. For meanings outside of mathematics, please see both words’ disambiguation pages: Combination (disambiguation)
Stars and bars (combinatorics) In the context of combinatorial mathematics, stars and bars (also called "sticks and stones", [ 1 ] "balls and bars", [ 2 ] and "dots and dividers" [ 3 ]) is a graphical aid for deriving certain combinatorial theorems. It can be used to solve many simple counting problems, such as how many ways there are to put n ...
Combinatorics is an area of mathematics primarily concerned with counting, both as a means and as an end to obtaining results, and certain properties of finite structures. It is closely related to many other areas of mathematics and has many applications ranging from logic to statistical physics and from evolutionary biology to computer science ...
Inclusion–exclusion principle. In combinatorics, a branch of mathematics, the inclusion–exclusion principle is a counting technique which generalizes the familiar method of obtaining the number of elements in the union of two finite sets; symbolically expressed as. where A and B are two finite sets and | S | indicates the cardinality of a ...
Enumerative combinatorics is an area of combinatorics that deals with the number of ways that certain patterns can be formed. Two examples of this type of problem are counting combinations and counting permutations. More generally, given an infinite collection of finite sets Si indexed by the natural numbers, enumerative combinatorics seeks to ...
A permutation group is a subgroup of a symmetric group; that is, its elements are permutations of a given set. It is thus a subset of a symmetric group that is closed under composition of permutations, contains the identity permutation, and contains the inverse permutation of each of its elements. [ 2 ]