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Benzodiazepine dependence (BZD dependence) defines a situation in which one has developed one or more of either tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, drug seeking behaviors, such as continued use despite harmful effects, and maladaptive pattern of substance use, according to the DSM-IV. In the case of benzodiazepine dependence, the continued use ...
e. Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome (BZD withdrawal) is the cluster of signs and symptoms that may emerge when a person who has been taking benzodiazepines as prescribed develops a physical dependence on them and then reduces the dose or stops taking them without a safe taper schedule.
Symptoms. Effects of long-term benzodiazepine use may include disinhibition, impaired concentration and memory, depression, [ 19 ][ 20 ] as well as sexual dysfunction. [ 6 ][ 21 ] The long-term effects of benzodiazepines may differ from the adverse effects seen after acute administration of benzodiazepines. [ 22 ]
Benzodiazepines are sometimes used in the treatment of acute anxiety, since they result in rapid and marked relief of symptoms in most individuals; [32] however, they are not recommended beyond 2–4 weeks of use due to risks of tolerance and dependence and a lack of long-term effectiveness. As for insomnia, they may also be used on an ...
Benzodiazepine use disorder (BUD), also called misuse or abuse, [1] is the use of benzodiazepines without a prescription and/or for recreational purposes, which poses risks of dependence, withdrawal and other long-term effects. [2][3] Benzodiazepines are one of the more common prescription drugs used recreationally.
Clonazepam, sold under the brand name Klonopin among others, is a benzodiazepine medication used to prevent and treat anxiety disorders, seizures, bipolar mania, agitation associated with psychosis, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and akathisia. [11]
Cross-tolerance occurs between benzodiazepines, meaning that, if individuals are tolerant to one benzodiazepine, they will display a tolerance to equivalent doses of other benzodiazepines. Withdrawal symptoms from benzodiazepines include a worsening of pre-existing symptoms as well as the appearance of new symptoms that were not pre-existing.
Oxazepam. Oxazepam is a short-to-intermediate-acting benzodiazepine. [7][8] Oxazepam is used for the treatment of anxiety, [9][10] insomnia, and to control symptoms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. It is a metabolite of diazepam, prazepam, and temazepam, [11] and has moderate amnesic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative, and skeletal ...