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t. e. United States bankruptcy courts are courts created under Article I of the United States Constitution. [1] The current system of bankruptcy courts was created by the United States Congress in 1978, effective April 1, 1984. [2] United States bankruptcy courts function as units of the district courts and have subject-matter jurisdiction over ...
Originally, bankruptcy in the United States, as nearly all matters directly concerning individual citizens, was a subject of state law. However, there were several short-lived federal bankruptcy laws before the Act of 1898: the Bankruptcy Act of 1800, [3] which was repealed in 1803; the Act of 1841, [4] which was repealed in 1843; and the Act of 1867, [5] which was amended in 1874 [6] and ...
The history of bankruptcy law in the United States refers primarily to a series of acts of Congress regarding the nature of bankruptcy. As the legal regime for bankruptcy in the United States developed, it moved from a system which viewed bankruptcy as a quasi-criminal act, to one focused on solving and repaying debts for people and businesses ...
While bankruptcy cases are always filed in United States Bankruptcy Court (an adjunct to the U.S. District Courts), bankruptcy cases, particularly with respect to the validity of claims and exemptions, are often dependent upon State law. [40] A Bankruptcy Exemption defines the property a debtor may retain and preserve through bankruptcy.
The U.S. federal court system hears cases involving litigants from two or more states, violations of federal laws, treaties, and the Constitution, admiralty, bankruptcy, and related issues. [2] In practice, about 80% of the cases are civil and 20% criminal. [1]
This is a list of Supreme Court of the United States cases in the area of bankruptcy. This list is a list solely of United States Supreme Court decisions about applying law related to bankruptcy. Not all Supreme Court decisions are ultimately influential and, as in other fields, not all important decisions are made at the Supreme Court level.