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  2. Dumping (pricing policy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumping_(pricing_policy)

    Dumping, in economics, is a form of predatory pricing, especially in the context of international trade. It occurs when manufacturers export a product to another country at a price below the normal price with an injuring effect. The objective of dumping is to increase market share in a foreign market by driving out competition and thereby ...

  3. Anti-competitive practices - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-competitive_practices

    Dumping, also known as predatory pricing, is a commercial strategy for which a company sells a product at an aggressively low price in a competitive market at a loss.A company with large market share and the ability to temporarily sacrifice selling a product or service at below average cost can drive competitors out of the market, [1] after which the company would be free to raise prices for a ...

  4. Social dumping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_dumping

    Social dumping is a practice whereby employers use cheaper labour than is usually available at their site of production or sale, for example by moving production to a low-wage country or area, or employing poorly-paid migrant workers. Employers thus save money and potentially increase their profits. Systemic criticism suggests that as a result ...

  5. Non-tariff barriers to trade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-tariff_barriers_to_trade

    e. Non-tariff barriers to trade (NTBs; also called non-tariff measures, NTMs) are trade barriers that restrict imports or exports of goods or services through mechanisms other than the simple imposition of tariffs. Such barriers are subject to controversy and debate, as they may comply with international rules on trade yet serve protectionist ...

  6. Predatory pricing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predatory_pricing

    1. The principal aspect of predatory pricing is that the seller in the market has a certain economic or technical strength which distinguishes it from price discrimination, where competition exists amongst both buyers and sellers. 2. The geographic market for predatory pricing is the country's domestic market which differentiates it from "dumping".

  7. Protectionism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectionism

    Protectionism, sometimes referred to as trade protectionism, is the economic policy of restricting imports from other countries through methods such as tariffs on imported goods, import quotas, and a variety of other government regulations. Proponents argue that protectionist policies shield the producers, businesses, and workers of the import ...

  8. Price war - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_war

    Price war. A price war is a form of market competition in which companies within an industry engage in aggressive pricing strategies, “characterized by the repeated cutting of prices below those of competitors”. [1] This leads to a vicious cycle, where each competitor attempts to match or undercut the price of the other. [2]

  9. Tariff - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariff

    t. e. A tariff is a tax imposed by the government of a country or by a supranational union on imports or exports of goods. Besides being a source of revenue for the government, import duties can also be a form of regulation of foreign trade and policy that taxes foreign products to encourage or safeguard domestic industry.