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The art of ancient Rome has a long and interesting history. Although the Romans were at first heavily influenced by the Greeks, they soon developed their own unique techniques and styles. Let us take a brief look at the history of Roman art before looking at some famous paintings from the region.
From celebratory statues to intricate mosaic panels, art was created for a wide variety of functions and contexts during the centuries that the Roman Empire reigned. Explore a few highlights from the Art Institute’s collection of ancient Roman art here.
Pliny, Ancient Rome's most important historian concerning the arts, recorded that nearly all the forms of art – sculpture, landscape, portrait painting, even genre painting – were advanced in Greek times, and in some cases, more advanced than in Rome.
Art historians and archaeologists describe the development of Roman painting in four styles. The First Style (ca. 200–60 B.C.) was largely an exploration of simulating marble of various colors and types on painted plaster.
It is only natural to see Greek, Mediterranean, and even Egyptian influences in ancient Roman art, but these long-lasting monuments and villas showcased some of the most amazing pieces of art and are a testament to the great artistic history of ancient Rome.
The kind of art the Romans are known for includes realistic portraits, vivid frescoes showing scenes of nature, erotic art as seen at Pompeii, and the use of art for propaganda purposes such as statues of important people.
What defines Roman art? Roman art may be defined as sculptures, paintings, and mosaics which depict not only mythological and religious themes but also everyday life and people. Art was more widely produced and more easily available than ever before.
Painting in ancient Rome is a still poorly understood topic in the history of painting, as its study is hampered by the scarcity of relics. Much of what we know today about Roman painting is due to a natural tragedy.
The first Roman art can be dated back to 509 B.C.E., with the legendary founding of the Roman Republic, and lasted until 330 C.E. (or much longer, if you include Byzantine art). Roman art also encompasses a broad spectrum of media including marble, painting, mosaic, gems, silver, bronze work, and terracottas, just to name a few.
Ancient Roman art consisted of paintings, pottery, sculpture, and architectural forms. This article will take you on a time-traveling journey back to ancient Rome and outline some of history’s best paintings of ancient Rome.