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Gender roles in Islam are based on scriptures, cultural traditions, and jurisprudence. The Quran , the holy book of Islam, indicates that both men and women are spiritually equal. The Quran states:
So righteous women are devoutly obedient, guarding in [the husband's] absence what Allāh would have them guard. But those [wives] from whom you fear arrogance - [first] advise them; [then if they persist], forsake them in bed; and [finally], strike them [lightly]. But if they obey you [once more], seek no means against them.
[29] Muhammad's wives play a prominent role in Islam and Muslim practices; "their reception of specific divine guidances, occasioned by their proximity to Muhammad, endows them with special dignity." [7] They form the basis for the status of women in Islam and are thus important for gender debates and study.
103 Exhortation to zeal for Islam; 104–114 Fraud denounced; 115–125 Idolatry and Islam compared; 126 Equity in dealing with women and orphans enjoined; 127–129 Men are protectors of women; 130–132 God to be feared; 133 Fraud denounced; 134–138 Muslims exhorted to steadfastness; 139–143 Hypocrites to be shunned; 144–151 The reward ...
A fragment of Sūrat an-Nisā' – a chapter of Islam's sacred text entitled 'Women' – featuring the Persian, Arabic, and Kufic scripts. Islam views men and women as equal before God, and the Quran underlines that man and woman were "created of a single soul" (4:1, [15] 39:6 [16] and elsewhere). [17]
The ability of women to bear children is a significant attribute used by the Quran in a number of verses to uplift the status of women. [ 28 ] [ 29 ] One such chapter states "And We have enjoined man in respect of his parents--his mother bears him with fainting upon fainting and his weaning takes two years--saying: Be grateful to Me and to both ...
Kecia Ali, her work Sexual Ethics & Islam: Feminist Reflections on Qur'an, Hadith and Jurisprudence (2012). The Professor of the Department of Religion at Boston University has written various books on gender in Islam focusing on Islamic law about women. Kecia Ali discusses sexual violence against women and shows a collision between morals and law.
With reference to the Muslim world more broadly, Tilo Beckers writes that "Besides the endogenous changes in the interpretation of scriptures having a deliberalizing influence that came from within Islamic cultures, the rejection of homosexuality in Islam gained momentum through the exogenous effects of European colonialism, that is, the import ...